Strengths and challenges of college-enrolled Spanish heritage speakers: A developmental assets approach

The present study is one of the first to examine developmental asset possession in emerging Hispanic adults, focusing on 54 Spanish Heritage Learners (SHL) enrolled in online and in-person SHL courses at a four-year public university in the U.S. Participants completed the CAMPUS assessment of the Developmental Assets Framework and the Bilingual Language Profile to measure asset possession and language dominance. Findings indicate that course format and language learning context influence asset development, with online learners reporting higher overall asset levels. These results highlight the role of educational environment and learner context in shaping resilience indicators among SHL students.