Splenic Artery Embolization in the Management of Complications After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Aim: The aim of this study is to present the role of splenic artery embolization (SAE) in the management of selected complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx), with particular emphasis on its clinical application. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, including studies on post-OLTx complications and the use of interventional radiology techniques. Publications addressing the mechanisms underlying these complications and their management using SAE were analyzed. Results: SAE is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure involving occlusion of blood flow within the splenic artery using embolic materials. It is applied in the treatment of selected complications after OLTx, including splenic artery steal syndrome, refractory ascites, and hypersplenism. By reducing blood flow within the splenic vascular bed, SAE improves arterial graft perfusion, decreases portal inflow, and modulates hemodynamic disturbances. Available data indicate high efficacy of this method in selected clinical settings. Conclusion: SAE is an effective and minimally invasive method for the management of selected complications following OLTx. Its use in clinical practice is expected to increase with the growing role of minimally invasive techniques in post-transplant care.