Towards a Model of Grit: A Systematic Review and Future Research Avenues

Grit (perseverance of effort [PE] and consistency of interest [CI]) has been promoted as a key driver of adaptive performance. However, critics persist about its structure and alleged conceptual overlap with conscientiousness. This review of the nomological network addresses the debate about grit’s business value, suggesting that its perception is evolving towards a dynamic, context-dependent process driven by situational agency. The review draws on 112 empirical articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases published between 2007 and 2024 ( N = 112), as well as a 2024–2026 narrative update. The review uses a hybrid approach of content analysis, bibliometric coupling and thematic mapping, identifying six thematic clusters interpreted through the antecedents–decisions–outcomes framework. Although PE is broadly associated with achievement, engagement, adaptability, resilience and well-being, CI effects are narrower and situational. Evidence on the impacts of grit is broader than on the specific items that affect grit formation, and composite scores may mask these distinctions. This review adds to the body of research. First, it offers a thorough, situational approach that focuses on goals, resources and adaptability. Second, it discusses the field’s evolution and promotes adaptive persistence over maladaptive over persistence. Grit is best assessed using its components and applied in inclusive talent management rather than as a hiring factor.