A Geosocial Theory of Inequality and Marginalization

This article advances an integrated theoretical framework of geosocial inequality. It conceptualizes that inequalities are dynamically produced and reinforced through the interplay of spatial and social processes shaped by history, power and lived experience. The framework encompasses three interrelated constructs: co-constitution, interaction, and manifestation, to explain how inequalities originate, evolve, and materialize over time, alongside feedback processes that can challenge or reshape the conditions of inequality. At a time of climate change and urban-rural divides, a geosocial theory of inequality and marginalization offers a unified conceptual map for place-conscious research, policy, and interventions to advance equity and justice.