From Qur'anic Time Expressions to an 18.25-Billion-Year Cyclical Time Model: A 4.54-Billion-Year Main Cycle, a 22.5-Million-Year Transition Period, and a Geological Testing Hypothesis

This study presents a conceptual and speculative cyclical time model developed from two Qur’anic time expressions: Qur’an 32:5, which refers to a day measured as one thousand years, and Qur’an 70:4, which refers to a day measured as fifty thousand years. Using a 365-day year as a modeling assumption, these values produce a theoretical time scale of 18.25 billion years. Dividing this scale into four equal cycles gives 4.5625 billion years per cycle. When compared with Earth’s approximate age of 4.54 billion years, a difference of 22.5 million years emerges. The study proposes that this difference may represent a possible transition or formation interval between major cycles. This hypothesis is then compared with independent geological evidence, particularly records of significant paleoceanographic and climatic changes around 23.0–22.5 million years ago. A secondary numerical comparison is also made with the approximately 230-million-year orbital period of the Solar System around the center of the Milky Way. The study does not present these correspondences as proof of a cosmological theory. Instead, it proposes a testable conceptual model and identifies areas where further geological, astronomical, mathematical, and statistical research can independently evaluate the hypothesis.