Knowledge, Practice, and Misconceptions of Patients with COVID-19: Results from the Isfahan COVID Cohort Study

Introduction: Research is scarce on how education and socioeconomic status (SES) affect COVID-19 practices in Iran. This study aims to examine the levels of knowledge, adherence to personal hygiene practices, and prevalence of misconceptions among COVID-19 patients in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study utilized data from the Isfahan COVID Cohort, a longitudinal study of 4328 participants with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Data collection included demographics, SES, medical history, and knowledge and practice (KP), using a researcher-made questionnaire. SES was assessed via standardized questionnaires, while KP were evaluated through a two-part questionnaire, with scores calculated based on adherence to official guidelines. Statistical analysis involved t -tests, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: A total of 4328 patients were enrolled in the study. Regarding COVID-19 knowledge, participants scored 70.59 (16.98) (out of 100). In the pre-COVID practice assessment, the total score was 49.37 (14.13). Post-COVID practice scores were notably high (80.25 (16.91)). There was a significant relationship between practice score and gender, age, marital status, SES, and the presence of underlying disease ( P < 0.05). Participants with underlying diseases demonstrated significantly higher scores in all KP sections ( P < 0.05). In the case of misconceptions, 46.70% believed handwashing was ineffective, 39.20% doubted surface disinfection’s efficacy, 53.60% used garlic, onion, or ginger for prevention, and 71.50% regularly used Esfand and Anbarnesa smoke at home even after hospitalization. Conclusions: Continuous monitoring is crucial due to the evolving pandemic. Future research must examine these disparities to develop more effective preventive strategies.