A multicenter, prospective, real‐world study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japanese clinical practice ( PIONEER REAL Japan): Subgroup analyses

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Aims HbA 1c and body weight were assessed across selected subgroups of adults with type 2 diabetes receiving oral semaglutide in clinical practice. Methods In this non‐interventional study, changes in HbA 1c and body weight to end of study (EoS) and safety were assessed by subgroup: baseline age, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes duration, participants switching from dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, and semaglutide dose at EoS. Results All subgroups experienced reductions in HbA 1c and body weight. Younger participants had greater reductions in HbA 1c than older participants (−0.9, −0.7, −0.7, and −0.5 percentage points for participants aged <55, ≥55–<65, ≥65–<75, and ≥75 years, respectively [ P = 0.0467]). Shorter type 2 diabetes duration and lower EoS semaglutide dose were associated with greater HbA 1c reductions (−0.8, −0.7, and −0.6 percentage points with ≤5, >5–≤10, and >10 years' duration, respectively [ P < 0.0001]; −1.2, −0.7, and −0.4 percentage points with 3, 7, and 14 mg, respectively [ P < 0.0001]). Changes in HbA 1c were not significantly different across other subgroups. Lower EoS semaglutide dose was associated with greater body weight reductions (−3.8, −2.9, and −2.8 kg with 3, 7, and 14 mg, respectively [ P < 0.0001]); body weight reductions were not significantly different across other subgroups. Adverse events were similar between subgroups, except that older subgroups experienced more events. Conclusions HbA 1c and body weight decreased across all subgroups, providing insights into oral semaglutide use in clinical practice for individuals with different characteristics in the real‐world setting.