Coronary arteries: normal, variant anatomy, anomalies (literature review)

Annotation. Qualitative analysis of the condition of the coronary arteries requires an understanding of the anatomy, histology, embryology, and topographic anatomy of the coronary arteries. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search for information. The search results were 10 Ukrainian-language and 31 English-language sources, of which 25 met the conditions of the query. Normally, the heart is supplied with blood by the right and left coronary arteries, which originate from the corresponding coronary sinuses of the aorta. Variants and anomalies of coronary artery discharge are the result of disturbances in morphogenic processes at different periods of intrauterine development. The source of development of coronary arteries is the cells of the coelomic epithelium of the transverse septum. The cells of the capillary plexus surrounding the aortic bulb form the orifice of the coronary arteries by penetrating the aortic wall. In violation of the processes of embryogenesis, dislocation of the formation of the orifices occurs. Possible abnormal discharge of the coronary arteries from the branches of the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk or pulmonary arteries, left ventricle, internal thoracic artery. The article presents data on the norm, variants and abnormalities of coronary artery discharge, as well as a brief description of the embryology and histology of the coronary arteries.