A gradual dosing of anaerobically digested effluent for cost-effective cultivation of Arthrospira platensis MUR 126

). Biomass composition was protein-dominant across treatments, with the highest level (∼67% ash-free dry weight) observed at 40% raw ADE, while maximum pigment (chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) yields occurred in Zarrouk medium. Nitrogen removal (nitrate + ammoniacal nitrogen) was highly efficient (72 - 100%) across treatments, whereas phosphate removal ranged from 19 to 49%. Overall, the gradual dosing strategy effectively mitigated the adverse effects of ADE turbidity and ammonia toxicity, enabling robust A. platensis growth and production of protein-rich biomass suitable for animal and aquaculture feed as well as food supplement applications.