Poor Sleep Quality Decreases Concurrent Training Benefits in Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Quality of Life of Morbidly Obese Patients

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study design.

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  Figure 2. Changes in metabolic syndrome makers for each sleep-quality group. Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GSQ, good sleep quality; PSQ, poor sleep quality; WC, waist circumference. (∆) denotes delta changes from pre to post intervention. (**) denotes significant differences between groups (p < 0.01). (NS) denotes no significant differences. (ES) denotes effect size. (F) denotes the Levene test. After the CT programme, there was a change in the GSQ group between pre- and post-intervention WC (114.0 ± 3.1 vs. 110.4 ± 3.4 cm, ES = 0.58, p = 0.012), but no change in the PSQ group (p = 0.104) (a). There was a difference in the pre- and post-intervention SBP for the GSQ group (137.0 ± 4.3 vs. 125.6 ± 1.8 mmHg, ES = 0.82, p = 0.006) but not for the PSQ group (p = 0.343) (c). There were no differences in pre- and post-intervention DBP for the GSQ (p = 0.533) and PSQ (p = 0.212) groups (e). There were no time × group interactions for the ∆WC (b), ∆SBP (d), and ∆DBP (f) comparisons between groups.

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  Figure 3. Changes in metabolic syndrome makers for each sleep-quality group. (∆) denotes delta changes from pre to post intervention. Abbreviations: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GSQ, good sleep quality; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PSQ, poor sleep quality; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides. (†) denotes significant baseline differences (p < 0.05). (NS) denotes no significant differences. (ES) denotes effect size. (F) denotes the Levene test. Comparing pre- and post-intervention values in GSQ and PSQ groups, there were no changes in FPG, TG, and HDL-C measures (a,c,e), and there were no time × group interactions for the ∆FPG (b), ∆TG (d), and ∆HDL-C (f) comparisons.

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  Figure 4. Changes in sleep quality (SQ) and in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the good-sleep-quality group (GSQ) and poor-sleep-quality (PSQ) group. (∆) denotes delta changes from pre to post intervention. (ES) denotes effect size. (F) denotes the Levene test. (*) denotes significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). (**) denotes significant differences between groups (p < 0.01). (NS) denotes no significant differences. In the GSQ group, there were no changes in the pre- and post-intervention SQ scores (p = 0.757) (a). By contrast, the PSQ group showed significant changes between pre- and post-intervention values (9.00 ± 2.42 vs. 5.36 ± 2.84, ES = 0.92, p = 0.004) (a). Comparing pre- and post-intervention in the GSQ group, there were changes in the HRQoL general health score (51.33 ± 21.08 vs. 64.33 ± 16.24, ES = 0.67, p = 0.020) (c). By contrast, the PSQ group showed no significant changes between pre- and post-intervention (p = 0.414) (c). There was a time × group interaction in ΔSQ between the GSQ and PSQ groups (Δ 0.0 vs. Δ −4.0, F = 0.50 p = 0.004) (b). There was no time × group interaction in the HRQoL between the GSQ and PSQ groups (d).