In cutting dry AISI C-1025 steel tubing, with a variety of cutting fluids, and with an internally cooled tool, two distinct equilibria were discerned. Chip temper colors indicate that these are thermal equilibria. The establishment of the second, higher temperature equilibrium is delayed or prevented by using cutting fluids and delayed by using an internally cooled tool. It is concluded that the cooling effect of a cutting fluid is of primary importance.
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Iyengar et al. (1965) studied this question.