Key result
Type 2 spontaneous coronary artery dissection was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic event recurrence compared to type 1 dissection (OR 0.13; p=0.049).
Why the study?
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of acute coronary syndromes in young women and those with few cardiovascular risk factors, but clinical background, management, and outcomes remain incompletely characterized.
Cohort (n=36)
No
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
In patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, type 2 dissection is associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic event recurrence compared to type 1.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) represents 1–4% of all acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and is a particularly important cause among young women and individuals with few cardiovascular risk factors. To characterize clinical background, therapeutic management and clinical outcomes in a SCAD population. We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients diagnosed with SCAD at a tertiary center between August 2009 and May 2020, with a median follow-up of 40 months (IQR 14–95 months). SCAD was classified according to the Saw angiographic SCAD classification. A total of 36 patients were included, 94% female, mean age 51 years (±11 years). A trigger was only detected in 8% and associated conditions in 31% of patients, mainly inflammatory or autoimmune systemic diseases and migraine. Most patients had non-ST-elevation ACS and 33% presented with ST-elevation ACS. The most frequent culprit lesion was the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (67%); mid to distal segments were the most affected (94%) and type 2 dissection the most prevalent (60%). Almost all patients were successfully medically managed, with only four undergoing percutaneous intervention. During follow-up, ischemic events recurred in 15% of patients and no patient died. Patients with type 2 dissection exhibited lower risk of recurrence compared to type 1 (p=0.049, OR=0.13). SCAD patients were mainly young or middle-aged women; the LAD artery was the most affected vessel and type 2 dissection the most prevalent. This report showed for the first time a correlation between type 2 SCAD and lower risk of recurrence. A disseção coronária espontânea (DCE) representa 1 a 4% de todas as síndromes coronárias agudas (SCA), sendo uma causa particularmente importante em jovens mulheres e indivíduos com poucos fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Caracterização de uma população diagnosticada com DCE, abordagem terapêutica e evolução clínica a longo prazo. Análise retrospetiva de todos os doentes consecutivamente diagnosticados com DCE num centro terciário, entre agosto de 2009 e maio de 2020, com um seguimento médio de 40 meses (IQR 14-95 meses). A DCE foi classificada de acordo com a classificação angiográfica de Saw. Foram incluídos 36 doentes, 94% mulheres com média de 51 anos (±11-anos). Apenas 8% apresentavam um trigger e 31% apresentavam uma condição associada, especialmente doença inflamatória ou autoimune sistémica ou história de enxaqueca. A maioria teve um SCA sem supradesnivelamento-do-segmento-ST e 33% uma SCA com supradesnivelamento-de-ST. A artéria responsável mais comum foi a descendente anterior (67%); os segmentos médios e distais foram os mais afetados (94%) e a disseção tipo 2 foi a mais prevalente (60%). A maioria foi tratada medicamente com sucesso, sendo que apenas quatro doentes foram submetidos a angioplastia. Durante o seguimento, houve recorrência de eventos em 15% dos doentes e nenhum faleceu. A disseção tipo 2 correlacionou-se significativamente com menor risco de recorrência face à disseção tipo 1 (p=0,049, OR=O,13). A maioria dos doentes era mulher jovem ou de meia-idade; a artéria descendente anterior foi a mais afetada e a disseção tipo 2 a mais prevalente. Este trabalho mostrou pela primeira vez uma correlação entre a DCE tipo 2 e menor risco de recorrência de eventos.
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Proença et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) (n=36). Type 2 dissection vs. Type 1 dissection was evaluated on Recurrence of ischemic events (OR 0.13, p=0.049). Type 2 spontaneous coronary artery dissection was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic event recurrence compared to type 1 dissection (OR 0.13; p=0.049).
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