Comprehensive Assessment of Analytical Strategies for Gabapentin in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Matrices: Emphasis on Sustainable Approaches

GBP is used to treat pain, particularly neuropathic pain, but it also serves as an anticonvulsant. GBP, like other GABA analogues, cannot interact directly with GABA receptors; instead, it acts by influencing neurotransmitter release and altering the activity of GABA (gammaaminobutyric acid). Modern analytical methods can now identify and measure GBP in pharmaceutical formulations as well as biological substances like blood, urine, saliva, and hair. Several approaches have been developed to ensure accuracy in pharmacological and toxicological studies, including capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible spectroscopy, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and electrochemical sensors. They overcome quantitative problems, such as the GBP lack of chromophore, by employing procedures such as derivatization and chromatography. The review also emphasizes the validation of these procedures to ensure specificity, linearity, and precision while adhering to international high-quality requirements. According to the analysis, future developments could concentrate on eco-friendly methods to minimize the environmental effects of pharmaceutical analysis, providing both analytical reliability and long-term viability.