Intracranial Hemorrhage Secondary to Hypertensive Emergency in A 16-year-old Boy with Chronic Kidney Disease due to Neurogenic Bladder from Spina Bifida: A Case Report

A BSTRACT Hypertensive emergencies in pediatric patients are rare but carry significant morbidity and mortality when associated with end-organ damage such as intracranial hemorrhage. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a known but underrecognized complication. Spina bifida is a developmental anomaly caused by defects that occur during the neural tube closure. Urological morbidity in patients with neurogenic bladder is significant and causes pyelonephritis and renal failure. If spina bifida and neurogenic bladder are not managed appropriately, they can progress to chronic kidney disease, predisposing to secondary hypertension and requiring dialysis or transplantation. This case presents a multisystem diagnostic challenge and emphasizes the need for early identification and multidisciplinary management.