Key result
Elite 3x3 basketball players experienced higher perceived exertion in semi-finals (7.2 vs 5.1, P≤0.001) and finals compared to pool games, and spent 56.9% of game time in heart rate zone 5.
Observational (n=33)
Effect estimate: ES 1.27
Absolute Event Rate: 7.2% vs 5.1%
p-value: p=≤0.001
Elite 3 × 3 basketball involves high-intensity activity with the majority of game time spent at 90-100% peak heart rate, suggesting conditioning programs should incorporate a 3:1 work-to-rest ratio.
May inform periodized training for knockout stages in 3x3 basketball; hypothesis-generating for optimal conditioning and recovery strategies.
The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptual, heart rate and technical-tactical characteristics of elite male and female 3 × 3 basketball games. Eleven male and twenty-two female elite basketball players were monitored using heart rate telemetry, Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and video analysis across three 3 × 3 basketball tournaments. Linear mixed models were performed to determine the influence of round (pool game, quarter-final, semi-final, final, classification game) and sex on all dependent variables (alpha = 0.05). There was no difference between sexes for heart rate variables (p = 0.53 - 0.85). The greatest percentage (56.9 ± 20.1%) of game time was spent in heart rate zone 5 (90-100% peak heart rate). Overall RPE was higher in semi-finals (7.2 ± 1.5, p ≤ 0.001, ES: 1.27) and finals (7.7 ± 1.6 p ≤ 0.001, ES: 1.67) compared to pool games (5.1 ± 1.5). An analysis of the technical-tactical actions revealed that there were less steals in semi-finals (p = 0.01, ES = 0.56) and finals (p = 0.01, ES = 0.71) compared to pool games, with no sex-related differences present (p = 0.06 - 0.97). Players generally spent one minute on the bench for every three minutes on the court, creating a 3:1 work to rest ratio. Physical preparation programs for elite 3 × 3 basketball athletes should include exposure to high-intensity activity in which heart rates ≥80% of peak heart rate are reached for periods of time similar to that experienced during gameplay. A 3:1 work-to-rest ratio may be beneficial during conditioning training for this population.
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McGown et al. (2020) conducted an observational in Elite 3x3 basketball players (n=33). Tournament round (semi-finals) vs. Pool games was evaluated on Overall Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) (ES 1.27, p=≤0.001). Elite 3x3 basketball players experienced higher perceived exertion in semi-finals (7.2 vs 5.1, P≤0.001) and finals compared to pool games, and spent 56.9% of game time in heart rate zone 5.
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