Stereo imaging in ophthalmology

Stereo imaging in ophthalmology is an important diagnostic modality and a task not often undertaken in many ophthalmic photography departments. Origins of retinal stereo imaging date back to over 100 years ago. Stereo imaging is recommended, for example, for all photographs of the optic nerve head and for ocular angiography intended to determine clinically significant macular oedema. It is also useful in determining sub types of wet-form age-related macular degeneration. Stereo fundus photography and angiography facilitate the diagnostic process by clearly defining retinal structure and elevation. This allows the clinician to assess the patient's retina, presenting a 3D image that does not move and is not light sensitive. Stereo imaging of the fundus is useful for follow-up management of the patient, and is used extensively in clinical trials. This article will look at the history of stereo photography, its application and rationale to ophthalmology, and the different methods of attaining stereo images of the retina.