Humeral intracondylar fissure and condylar fractures in dogs

Background : Fractures of the canine humeral condyle are common; they are articular fractures that require early diagnosis, accurate anatomic reconstruction and stable fixation to allow the best possible chance of a functional outcome. They most commonly occur in puppies, but can affect adult dogs too. Strong breed predispositions are recognised, with spaniel breeds accounting for most adult fractures. Many fractures in adults are preceded by humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF), a radiolucent ‘cleft’ at or near the isthmus of the humeral condyle. HIF can be a cause of forelimb lameness, even when it does not result in complete fracture. Aim of the article : This article reviews the current understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of HIF and condylar fractures in dogs, describes the clinical features of both, explores decision making in diagnosis and treatment, and describes the reported outcomes.