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Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells have garnered considerable atten-tion as a promising technology for automotive applications due to their potential to revolutionize transportation. This paper comprehensively reviews PEM fuel cells used in automotive applications, exploring their working principles, advantages, and challenges. It examines the current state of PEM fuel cell technology in the automotive industry, including recent advancements and commercial implementations. Additionally, the paper discusses the critical factors influencing the widespread adoption of PEM fuel cells in vehicles and identifies potential fu-ture developments.
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Hoa et al. (2024) studied this question.
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