Cascade of phase transitions in GdFe 3 (BO 3 ) 4 at 156, 37, and 9 K has been detected by specific heat measurements and further studied by Raman scattering and Nd 3+ spectroscopic probe method. A weakly first-order structural phase transition at 156 K is followed by a second-order antiferromagnetic ordering phase transition at 37 K and a first-order spin-reorientational phase transition at 9 K.
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Levitin et al. (2004) studied this question.
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