Association Between Scalp High-Frequency Oscillations and Burden of Amplitudes and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) Scores in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome

Figures

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  Figure 1. Findings of scalp HFOs and BASED scores in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. (A–C) The BASED score was 5. (D–F) The BASED score was 4. (G–I) The BASED score was 3. (A,D,G) Unfiltered EEG recordings with normal time scales. (B,E,H) Lead signals with extended time scales indicated by red rectangles and bandpass-filtered EEG recordings at 80–250 Hz. (C,F,I) Spectrograms of the EEG data in the time–frequency analysis for the EEG recordings are enclosed in red rectangles. Scalp HFOs are observed in the unfiltered and filtered EEG recordings (pink traces) and correspond to spectral blobs in the time–frequency analysis (yellow arrows).

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  Figure 2. Comparison of scalp HFOs stratified by BASED scores. (A) Mosaic plot shows the proportion of patients with scalp HFO appearance stratified by BASED score. (B) Violin plot shows the comparison of scalp HFO detection rates stratified by BASED score. Subjects were classified into four groups stratified by BASED score: less than 2, 3, 4, and 5. Each point shows individuals, and each shaded area shows the distribution of the scalp HFO detection rates. The bold horizontal lines indicate the median values for each group, and the dotted lines indicate the quartile range (25th–75th percentiles). Abbreviations: BASED score, burden of amplitudes and epileptiform discharges score; HFO, high-frequency oscillation. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.

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  Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic curves of scalp HFO detection rates for predicting BASED scores. The ROC curve and AUC of scalp HFO detection rates for predicting BASED score are shown. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; BASED score, burden of amplitudes and epileptiform discharges score.