Expert approach to severe oligospermia in a patient with prior cryptorchidism and in vitro fertilization failure

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testes fail to descend to the scrotum before birth. If persistent at 6 months of age, current American Urological Association guidelines recommend orchidopexy (1). Despite timely surgical intervention, these patients remain at risk for infertility later in life and may require assisted reproduction technology to conceive (1, 2). Because of this known association, a thorough evaluation by a reproductive urologist is critical to optimize fertility outcomes, as well as the patient’s health.