The Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test is proposed for estimating the time instant of muscle contraction onset via electromyographic (EMG) signal processing. In contrast to commonly used threshold-based estimation methods, the proposed algorithm proves to be reasonably accurate even for low levels of EMG activity; the improved behaviour of the GLR test comes with just a modest increase in the computational complexity. A set of computer simulation experiments are presented, where the proposed algorithm and two different threshold-based estimators are studied; also, we discuss the results of analysing the EMG recordings of selected proximal muscles of the upper limb in a hemiparetic subject.
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Micera et al. (1998) studied this question.