Superelastic and Shape Memory Effects in Laminated Shape-Memory-Alloy Beams

A simple shape-memory-alloy (SMA) model to simulate the superelastic behavior as well as the shape memory effect is proposed. It considers only the transformations from austenite to single-variant martensite and from single-variant martensite to austenite, taking into account the ine uence of the temperature in the constitutive relationship. The proposed SMA constitutive model is employed in a novel layerwise beam theory to develop new SMA beam e nite element models with suitable interpolation of the e eld variables involved. The e nite element models developed herein account for the time evolution SMA constitutive equations. In particular, the developed e nite elements treat the SMA material as reinforcement of elastic beams. Several applications are presented to assess the validity of the constitutive model and the proposed numerical procedure.