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The results obtained in the investigation of the dissociation constants of carboxylic acids of known geometry and free from the complicating features of pi electron interactions and steric effects have established that the magnitude of the polar effect does not depend on either the number or the nature of the atoms between the substituent and the reaction site, nor do such substituent contributions depend on the number of paths available for their propagation.
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Leon M. Stock (1972) studied this question.
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