Spatial efficiency evaluation of subway station areas neighboring historic districts: Integrate transportation, culture and place resource

Recently, cultural tourism has emerged as a key driver for economic revitalization, and subway stations located near historic districts have become important cultural and economic centers. A pressing challenge now lies in how to better leverage the cultural resources of these areas. Additionally, it's necessary to explore how to integrate transportation, cultural, and environmental resources to enhance overall benefits, particularly within the framework of sustainable development goals. To address this, the study selected subway stations adjacent to historical districts of various cultural types across China as samples. Cultural value was quantified using Value Philosophy (VP) and Cultural Sociology Theory (CST). A spatial efficiency evaluation system was developed, incorporating three key dimensions: transportation, culture, and place and employed an evaluation model combining “CRITIC-VIKOR-GRA.” A range of data, including geographical information, passenger flow, point of interest (POI), and network views, were collected to support objective research. Research indicates that culture and place dimensions exert a more direct influence on spatial efficiency, whereas traffic factors demonstrate greater significance in fostering the cohesion of spatial resources. To enhance spatial efficiency and fully realize resource value, it is essential to promote close interaction and reciprocal feedback mechanisms among the dimensions of transportation culture, and place.