Key result
A scoping review of 29 studies on porcine astroviruses found that PCR-based assays were the most common diagnostic tools, and 67% (2 of 3) of studies reporting histologic lesions linked PoAstV3 to polioencephalomyelitis.
This scoping review summarizes the epidemiology and diagnostics of porcine astroviruses, highlighting PCR as the primary diagnostic tool and a potential association between PoAstV3 and polioencephalomyelitis.
PCR assays predominate for porcine astrovirus detection; leaves open PoAstV3 association with polioencephalomyelitis pending prospective confirmation.
Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) have been reported globally and are divided into at least five distinct lineages (PoAstV1-PoAsV5). The primary objective of this study was to summarize the scientific literature about the frequency of detection, associated clinical presentations, and type of samples and diagnostic tools used for the detection of porcine astroviruses. The secondary objective was to summarize the body of knowledge about the causal role in disease of PoAstVs using the Bradford Hill framework. A search was conducted using Centre for Biosciences and Agriculture International (CABI), MEDLINE, American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) Swine Information Library (SIL) abstracts, swine conferences including American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP), and American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD). From 168 studies identified by the search, 29 studies were eligible. Results indicated that 69% (20/29) of the literature on PoAstVs has been published between 2011 and 2018. Of 29 papers, 52% were detection studies (15 of 29) and 48% (14 of 29) were case-control studies. Seventy-two percent (21 of 29) reported differential diagnosis and 10% (3 of 29) reported histologic lesions, out of which 67% (2 of 3) associated the detection of PoAstV3 with development of polioencephalomyelitis. PCR-based assays were the most common diagnostic tools.
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Rawal et al. (2021) conducted a review in Porcine astroviruses (n=29). Porcine astroviruses was evaluated on Frequency of detection, associated clinical presentations, and diagnostic tools. A scoping review of 29 studies on porcine astroviruses found that PCR-based assays were the most common diagnostic tools, and 67% (2 of 3) of studies reporting histologic lesions linked PoAstV3 to polioencephalomyelitis.
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