Key result
Diabetes and hypertension linked to ~69% to 167% higher cardiovascular risk in elderly outpatients.
Why the study?
The impact of cardiovascular risk factors on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in elderly individuals was analyzed to clarify their predictive value.
Cohort (n=800)
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly diabetes and hypertension, remain strong predictors of cardiovascular events in the elderly population.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Highlights persistent CV risk from diabetes and hypertension in elderly outpatients; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve long-term outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors on the occurrence of fatal and non-fatal CV events in elderly individuals. METHODS: The present research was a prospective cohort study of 800 elderly Brazilian outpatients (60 to 85 years old) with a 12-year follow-up period (baseline: 1997-1998). The outcome variable was CV mortality or non-fatal CV events (stroke, infarction, angina, heart failure). Hypertension, diabetes, global and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemias, and metabolic syndrome were analyzed as independent variables. The analyses were based on Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted for gender, age range, smoking, regular physical activity, and previous cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: A total of 233 fatal and non-fatal CV events were observed (29.1%). In the adjusted analysis, the following variables were associated with CV risk: hypertension hazard ratio (HR): 1.69; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 1.28-2.24, diabetes (HR: 2.67; CI 95%: 1.98-3.61), metabolic syndrome (HR: 1.61; CI 95%: 1.24-2.09), abdominal obesity (HR: 1.36; CI 95%: 1.03-1.79), hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 1.67; CI 95%: 1.22-2.30) and high triglyceride/HDL-c ratio (HR: 1.73; CI 95%: 1.31-2.84). Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia remained associated with CV risk regardless of abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia were predictors of CV risk in elderly individuals. These results confirm the relevance of controlling these CV risk factors in this age group.
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Cabrera et al. (2012) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular risk (n=800). Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia) vs. Absence of risk factors was evaluated on CV mortality or non-fatal CV events (stroke, infarction, angina, heart failure) (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.28-2.24). Diabetes (HR 2.67; 95% CI 1.98-3.61) and hypertension (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.28-2.24) were significant predictors of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in elderly outpatients over 12 years.
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