Organizational justice: a multidimensional analysis of military students’ perceptions

This study examines perceptions of organizational justice, namely distributive, procedural, and interactional justice, among military students enrolled in a Romanian military educational institution. Using survey data collected from 245 cadets, the analysis combines descriptive statistics, psychometric validation, non-parametric group comparisons, and regression modeling to investigate the multidimensional structure of organizational fairness perceptions. The findings indicate moderate and stable evaluations of the organizational environment, although significant differences emerge between general organizational perceptions and individual experiences. Contrary to expectations derived from the “erosion of disillusionment” fourth-year students have more favorable perceptions of equity and inclusion than students from previous years, which is consistent with military socialization processes supporting positive organizational integration over time — a pattern discussed here in relation to inclusive leadership theory, though leadership style was not directly measured in this study. No statistically significant gender differences were identified. Regression analyses further revealed that distributive fairness (evaluation and treatment) and perceived discrimination were the strongest and most robust predictors of overall justice perceptions.