What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Chronic cardiovascular disease. Intervention: Non-optimal temperatures (heat and cold exposure).

What question did this study set out to answer?

Synthesize epidemiological, mechanistic, and systems-level evidence linking non-optimal ambient temperatures to chronic cardiovascular disease.

September 28, 2026Seminars in ImmunopathologyOpen Access

Non optimal temperatures and chronic cardiovascular diseases

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Key result

Non-optimal temperatures drive chronic cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need for climate-informed prevention strategies.

Why the study?

Extreme temperatures are emerging as major climate-sensitive drivers of chronic cardiovascular disease, with increasing heatwaves and persistent cold-related risks globally.

Key Points

Synthesize epidemiological, mechanistic, and systems-level evidence linking non-optimal ambient temperatures to chronic cardiovascular disease.
Conducted a narrative review analyzing temperature metrics, exposure assessment challenges, and regional cardiovascular disease epidemiology.
Evaluated biological pathways linking heat and cold exposure to ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Synthesized evidence on compounding environmental factors, drug-heat interactions, health-system resilience frameworks, and public health action plans.
Temperature-cardiovascular outcome associations follow U- and J-shaped exposure-response curves, with disproportionate vulnerability seen in older adults, disadvantaged communities, and low- to middle-income countries.
Pathophysiological pathways of thermal stress involve autonomic imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, haemoconcentration, coagulopathy, and myocardial oxygen supply-demand mismatch.
Cardiovascular vulnerability is exacerbated by co-exposures to air pollution and wildfires, as well as adverse drug-heat interactions involving standard cardiovascular therapies.

PICO

Population

Chronic cardiovascular disease

Exposure / Comparator

Non-optimal temperatures (heat and cold exposure)

Discussion

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Implication

Narrative review reveals substantial cardiovascular disease risk from heat and cold exposure, highlighting climate-driven temperature extremes as critical modifiable health hazards.

Cite This Study

Münzel et al. (2026) conducted a review in Chronic cardiovascular disease. Non-optimal temperatures (heat and cold exposure) was evaluated. Non-optimal temperatures, including extreme heat and cold, are major climate-sensitive drivers of chronic cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need for climate-informed prevention strategies.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab9b4597822ec8fc3d8ddb4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-026-01085-w

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COVID-19 cardiovascular

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Implication

Narrative review reveals substantial cardiovascular disease risk from heat and cold exposure, highlighting climate-driven temperature extremes as critical modifiable health hazards.

Non optimal temperatures and chronic cardiovascular diseases

Key Points

PICO

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Topics

Non optimal temperatures and chronic cardiovascular diseases

Key Points

PICO

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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