Non-trivial topological spin-polarized surface states induced nonreciprocal transport in the hourglass semimetal

Quantum materials such as topological semimetals have gained consummate interest due to their exotic band crossings and protected surface states. In particular, Ta3GeTe6 has emerged as a prototypical hourglass Dirac semimetal, as confirmed by both experimental and theoretical analysis. The ARPES confirm the topological hourglass-type band dispersions and Rashba-like surface band, while Hall measurements reveal a high hole carrier concentration and nonreciprocal transport behavior. These findings are further supported by a phenomenological toy model, which predicts a nonreciprocal resistance, consistent with the observed direction-dependent magnetoresistance. Furthermore, the Raman spectroscopy uncovers two-fold and four-fold phonon symmetries drag of highly anisotropic phonons, which establishes symmetry-dependent resistance. DFT calculations reveal Dirac-like and hourglass Dirac band crossings near the Fermi level for the bulk, with Rashba-type spin splitting induced by the surface inversion-symmetry breaking, leading to spin-polarized surface states. The combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that Ta3GeTe6 hosts a non-trivial electronic topology, with the inversion-symmetry breaking at the surface as the driver of this nonreciprocal transport behavior.