Key result
First-order all-pass filter achieves wide frequency coverage up to 1 MHz with low power consumption.
The proposed first-order all-pass filter demonstrates single-resistor tunability with grounded capacitors at ±0.75 V, offering a compact and efficient solution for low-voltage analog platforms.
May enable compact tunable filters for IoT biomedical devices; leaves open hardware validation before cardiac monitoring use.
Objectives: To present a compact first-order all-pass (FOAP) filter based on a low-voltage Class-AB second-generation current conveyor (CCII) with single-resistor tunability, targeting portable, IoT, and biomedical systems. Method: The filter was implemented in a 0.5 µm CMOS process and simulated in PSpice. The design employs grounded capacitors and a tunable resistor RX. Transistor dimensions and bias currents were carefully optimized to ensure reliable operation at the ultra-low supply voltage of ±0.75 V, thereby minimizing power consumption while maintaining wide bandwidth and stable filter performance. Findings: This study has proposed FOAP which achieves wide frequency coverage up to 1 MHz with low power consumption (~1 mW). Tunability across 1 Ω–100 kΩ was validated without altering the magnitude response. Comparative benchmarking shows that this design delivers the lowest reported power among FOAP filters published between 2021–2026, while maintaining wide bandwidth and simple tuning. Novelty: Unlike earlier FOAP realizations that required higher voltages, multiple resistors, or complex tuning schemes, this design demonstrates single-resistor tunability with grounded capacitors at ±0.75 V. Its compactness, efficiency, and scalability make it a strong candidate for integration into modern low-voltage analog platforms.
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Manhas et al. (2026) studied this question. First-order all-pass filter using low-voltage Class-AB CCII was evaluated. The proposed first-order all-pass filter achieved wide frequency coverage up to 1 MHz with low power consumption (~1 mW) and single-resistor tunability at an ultra-low supply voltage of ±0.75 V.
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