Prevalence and distribution of non-third-molar and supernumerary tooth impactions in Turkish dental patients: a 5-year retrospective study

This retrospective study evaluated the clinic-based prevalence, distribution, presumed contributing factors, and associated radiographic findings of impacted permanent teeth and impacted supernumerary teeth in a Turkish dental patient sample. Among 15,648 records screened between May 2020 and May 2025, 14,140 eligible patients aged 10–70 years were included. Third molars were excluded, and patient- and tooth-level outcomes were assessed separately. Impacted permanent teeth were identified in 919 patients (6.499%; 95% CI 6.105–6.918), comprising 1345 teeth. Prevalence was higher in females than males (7.144% vs. 5.479%; p < 0.001). Maxillary canines (57.7%) and mesioangular angulation (44.8%) predominated, while eruption-path deviation (45.4%) and lack of space (42.3%) were the most frequent presumed contributing factors. Impacted supernumerary teeth were identified in 156 patients (1.103%; 95% CI 0.944–1.289), comprising 211 teeth, and were more prevalent in males than females (1.443% vs. 0.889%; p = 0.002). Parapremolars (44.5%) and supplemental morphology (47.9%) predominated. Associated radiographic findings occurred in 12.5% and 27.6% of the respective patient groups. These findings demonstrate distinct clinic-based distribution patterns and may support individualized clinical and radiographic evaluation.