Ion-selective electrodes enable the rapid estimation of nutrient concentrations in aqueous samples, such as nutrient solutions (NS). LAQUAtwin sensors (Horiba, Japan) for nitrates, potassium, calcium, and sodium have been validated for accuracy in NS samples. Their measurements provide real-time monitoring of root zone nutrient concentrations, by measuring the respective concentrations in the drainage solution (DS) concentrations. These data allow for precise adjustments to nutrient supply based on crop requirements.
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Giannothanasis et al. (2026) studied this question.
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