Mutual positive engagement with mother is uniquely associated with increases in human infant heart rate variability

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Proportion of time spent in match and mismatch bout types as a function of episode. Confidence intervals represent ±95% intervals.

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  Figure 2.. RSA difference scores as a function of match and mismatch bout types and episode. Confidence intervals represent ±95% intervals.

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  Figure 3.. RSA dynamics ±10 s before and after the onset of bouts of infant positive engagement-only bouts (top) and mother positive engagement-only bouts (bottom) for empirical (red) and random (blue) RSA series. Solid vertical lines denote the onset of a bout. Confidence intervals represent ±95% intervals. Thick lines represent fitted lines from growth curve models (without covariates in the model). Note that y-axes are not identical across sub-plots.

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  Figure 4.. RSA dynamics ±10 s before and after the onset of engagement bouts, as compared with randomly selected time series, for neutral engagement match (top) and positive engagement match (bottom) for empirical (red) and random (blue) RSA series. Solid vertical lines denote the onset of a bout. Confidence intervals represent ±95% intervals. Thick lines represent fitted lines from growth curve models (without covariates in the model). Opaque boxes represent significant (p < 0.05) contrasts with Tukey corrections between RSA type at a particular time point as per the growth curve model results (including covariates in the model). Empirical infant RSA is elevated before and after the onset of bouts of positive engagement in the play and reunion phases of the FFSF. Note that y-axes are not identical across sub-plots.

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  Figure 5.. RSA dynamics ±10 s before and after the onset of bouts of positive engagement matching for empirical (red) and random (blue) RSA series across mother-led and infant-led bouts during the play and reunion episodes. Solid vertical lines denote the onset of a bout. Confidence intervals represent ±95% intervals. Thick lines represent fitted lines from growth curve models (without covariates in the model). Opaque boxes represent significant (p < 0.05) contrasts with Tukey corrections between RSA type at a particular time point as per the growth curve model results (including covariates in model). Note that y-axes are not identical across sub-plots.

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  Figure 6.. Histograms for cumulative prenatal drug risk and cumulative social risk covariates.