The library as a healing space: A systematic review of therapeutic functions

Libraries function as therapeutic social infrastructures that contribute to community well-being across diverse international contexts, yet their therapeutic mechanisms remain theoretically underdeveloped and empirically fragmented. This systematic review synthesizes 41 studies from a five-stage Scopus search (2002–2026), examining how library spaces, services, and programs contribute to psychological well-being, mental health, and stress reduction. Drawing on Attention Restoration Theory, Therapeutic Landscapes Theory, and Third Place Theory, the review identifies six interconnected mechanisms: biophilic and environmental design; bibliotherapy; safe refuge for marginalized populations; social capital and community belonging; sensory and acoustic environment management; and whole-person and trauma-informed service delivery. Across six library settings, library engagement is positively associated with reduced anxiety, improved mood, and enhanced quality of life, although the effect strength varies by context. The review proposes an integrated six-mechanism framework and calls for longitudinal research using validated outcome measures to support policy investment in libraries as community health infrastructure.