Performance Verification of fire detection in a naturally ventilated high-ceiling building using numerical simulation and hot smoke testing

Modern sustainable design often incorporates high ceilings and naturally ventilated open spaces. Architects frequently rely on local fire department approvals based on prescriptive codes rather than performance-based reviews to meet project deadlines. However, such reviews often focus only on literal code compliance without considering site-specific fire scenarios and ventilation conditions. This study investigates fire smoke dynamics and detection reliability in the elevated sky corridor of Kaohsiung F Station, a semi-open space with perforated ceilings and constant natural airflow. Numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator and full-scale hot smoke tests were conducted under wind conditions of 1.0 and 3.0 m/s. Results showed that beam smoke detectors alone may experience reduced detection reliability under stronger wind conditions. Following simulation recommendations, point-type smoke detectors were installed at both corridor ends and successfully activated during tests, improving overall system response. The testing was performed in accordance with CNS 15937 and AS 4391. The study results highlight the limitations of prescriptive code-based approvals and indicate that site-specific evaluations of detector type, location, and height are necessary. This study demonstrates that combining simulation with testing improves design reliability and provides practical engineering insights for performance-based fire safety evaluation under site-specific conditions.