Mating Communication Signals of the Blue-Green Sharpshooter, Graphocephala atropunctata

Vibratory communication is widespread across animal taxa, particularly among insects, yet it remains underrepresented in behavioral and communication research. Biotremological analysis is required to identify the mechanisms and factors influencing mating success in insect species that communicate via vibrational signals. This study identified and characterized vibrational signals emitted by male (M) and female (F) blue-green sharpshooters (BGSS), Graphocephala atropunctata , during mating communication under different group treatments (MMF, MF, FFM, F, and M). Using laser vibrometry in a controlled laboratory setting, we recorded and analyzed vibrational signals throughout insect interactions. Results revealed a complex communication system comprised of six distinct male signals, three male rivalry signals, and three female signals. Male–female communication followed a stereotyped duet pattern, with males initiating contact and females responding, triggering male searching behavior. The presence of a male rival caused a shift in male effort away from mating communication signaling. This foundational knowledge of BGSS communication provides crucial insights for developing targeted mating disruption techniques, potentially offering a more effective and environmentally friendly approach to BGSS population management in vineyards.