Surface optimized TiS2: Perovskite composites for the fabrication of solar cells

This paper describes surface enhancement of perovskite/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 via TiS 2 Nanosheets/NSs by fabricating TiS 2 : perovskite composites/TPCs (i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/ml, respectively) and, furthermore, their application as photoactive layers in the fabrication of solar devices. In this context, the chemical route approach is used to fabricate TiS 2 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , and TPCs. The fabrication of such composites is confirmed using various characterization techniques. Moreover, as-fabricated TPCs are employed in the fabrication of solar devices. The results evidently show that the insertion of TiS 2 NSs into CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 matrices significantly improved the morphology of as-fabricated composites by reducing grain boundary problems, increasing average grain sizes, and thereby reducing voids/pinholes. As-fabricated devices demonstrated that the efficiency and stability of the device composed of these nanocomposites have been significantly improved. The champion device based on as-fabricated TPCs has shown a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.56% and maintained 80% of its initial PCE even after they were exposed under ambient atmosphere (air exposure) for a period of 30 days.