Cholangiocarcinoma: A cancer in search of the right classification

CCs with focal hepatocytic differentiation from hHpSC-derived lineages: combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, mixed-CC, and CCL. Pure mucin-producing CCs from hBTSC-derived lineages in PBGs or from epithelium of intra- or extrahepatic large bile ducts: hilar CC and muc-ICC. A CCs classification based on the cell-lineages-of-origin is more coherent with current knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors and may have important clinical implications for the definition of specific therapeutic targets. Vincenzo Cardinale M.D.*, Guido Carpino M.D., Ph.D., , Lola M. Reid Ph.D§, Eugenio Gaudio X.X. , Domenico Alvaro X.X.* ¶, * Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Italy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy, § Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, ¶ Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome Italy.