An Optimization Method of Large Building Space Based on Evacuation Simulation

To improve crowd evacuation efficiency in large building spaces during fires, a spatial layout optimization method using PyroSim and Pathfinder software was proposed.Disaster-causing factors that hinder safe evacuationsuch as smoke spread, fire scene temperature, CO concentration, and visibilitywere compared.The arrival time of danger in fire environments was analysed, the time required for crowd evacuation was calculated, structural characteristics of building space affecting evacuation efficiency were identified, and evacuation bottlenecks in large-scale buildings were revealed.Taking the super-large building of Silk Clothing City in Jiangsu Province, China as an example, a spatial layout optimization scheme focused on evacuation efficiency was proposed and its effectiveness was verified.Results show that before spatial layout optimization, the available safe evacuation time is 145 seconds, which is shorter than the required safe evacuation time of 197.8 seconds, indicating high safety risks during evacuation in a fire.After optimizing the layout of smoke exhaust equipment, the available safe evacuation time is increased to 205 seconds, substantially enhancing crowd evacuation safety.