Speaking to the self or others? Exploring existential, relational, and narrative identity in suicide notes using thematic and psychodynamic analysis

Suicide notes are unique linguistic expressions written at an existential threshold. This qualitative study explores how identity, defense, and meaning-making are symbolically constructed in such texts. Using an interpretivist lens, we analyzed 26 suicide notes through an integrated framework combining the Existential Network of Suicidal Identity (ENSI), Controls of Self-Deception (CsSD), and Suicidal Pursuit of Goals (SPG). Notes were treated as discursive artifacts, examined for patterns of identity disconnection (existential, relational, narrative), defensive language use, and communicative orientation. Findings revealed layered identity strain expressed through tonal shifts, metaphor, and narrative fragmentation. Defensive strategies-such as denial, repression, and projection-emerged as discursive mechanisms aligned with specific psychological positions. SPG analysis illustrated temporal movement through despair, burden, and conflicted resolution. Rather than transparent accounts of intent, suicide notes are framed here as symbolic performances of selfhood. This approach contributes to sociolinguistic suicidology by highlighting the interplay of identity, defense, and narrative temporality in suicidal communication.