Preoperative evaluation of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with assistance of 3D printing technique: Reanalysis of 4 death cases

Figures

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  Fig. 1. After the balloon valvuloplasty, the left and right coronary ostia(red arrows) were intact(a), after the THV was implanted at the annulus plane, the calcification clump of the leaflet obviously blocked the left coronary ostia (b), while the right ostia was intact (c). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article).

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  Fig. 2. The left coronary ostia was partially covered by the distal edge of prosthesis (a), the right coronary ostium was not influenced (b), compares favourably with the DSA during the operation (c).

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  Fig. 3. After the balloon valvuloplasty, the annulus was rupture at a slight degree (red arrows). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article).

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  Fig. 4. Calcification was apparent in the surrounding area of the annulus and the junction of the left (blue wire) and right (red wire) coronary valve(a); The THV was decentration after implanted, cause of the calcification. The left (blue wire) and right (red wire) coronary ostia were intact. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article).

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  Fig. 5. The calcification was pushed outward (a) and inward (b) relative to the annulus.