A systematic approach to design electric vehicle powertrains: model-based simulation and real-world application

In this age of electric vehicle (EV) technology, simulating the vehicle system cuts prototyping expenses and aids engineers in choosing the appropriate components and systems for the vehicle. This study presents a methodology for developing a mathematical model for electric vehicles using CarSim 2017 Software, which lacks an inherent electric vehicle model but can be connected to MATLAB Simulink. Additionally, the research applies the insights derived from simulation results to guide the conversion of a combustion engine vehicle into an electric one. The process starts with creating a simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink that integrates a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), motor controller, and battery with a vehicle model in CarSim software. Based on simulation results, appropriate powertrain specifications were generated for an EV prototype developed by converting a conventional vehicle. The prototype was tested in real-world conditions using a standard driving cycle to evaluate its performance.