Bilateral Renal Denervation Ameliorates Isoproterenol‐Induced Heart Failure through Downregulation of the Brain Renin‐Angiotensin System and Inflammation in Rat

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction along with autonomic unbalance that is associated with increased renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) activity and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs). Renal denervation (RD) has been shown to improve cardiac function in HF, but the protective mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that RD ameliorates isoproterenol‐ (ISO‐) induced HF through regulation of brain RAS and PICs. Chronic ISO infusion resulted in remarked decrease in blood pressure (BP) and increase in heart rate and cardiac dysfunction, which was accompanied by increased BP variability and decreased baroreflex sensitivity and HR variability. Most of these adverse effects of ISO on cardiac and autonomic function were reversed by RD. Furthermore, ISO upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of several components of the RAS and PICs in the lamina terminalis and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, two forebrain nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulations. RD significantly inhibited the upregulation of these genes. Either intracerebroventricular AT1‐R antagonist, irbesartan, or TNF‐α inhibitor, etanercept, mimicked the beneficial actions of RD in the ISO‐induced HF. The results suggest that the RD restores autonomic balance and ameliorates ISO‐induced HF and that the downregulated RAS and PICs in the brain contribute to these beneficial effects of RD.