A new model is developed to understand the role of additives. The interface tension, dielectric and conduction effects of additives on electrorheological fluid performance have been discussed. The yield stress in ac electric fields and the leakage current density are calculated based on the proposed model. The yield stress enhancement of NaY/insulating oil electrorheological fluid by adding a liquid crystal additive quantitatively agrees with model calculation results. The rules for selection of a good additive are discussed.
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Duan et al. (2000) studied this question.
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