Key result
Novel Gm-C low-pass filter achieves ~54 dB dynamic range for ultra-low-voltage ECG detection.
Why the study?
A fourth-order Gm-C low-pass filter for ECG detection achieving high linearity under a low 0.5 V supply was needed.
A novel fourth-order Gm-C low-pass filter for ECG detection demonstrates high linearity and competitive dynamic range under a low 0.5 V supply.
Low-voltage ECG filter prototype supports portable monitoring development; leaves open clinical validation and integration in patient devices.
This article introduces a fourth-orderGₘ-C low-pass filter for ECG detection that achieves high linearity despite operating under a 0.5 V supply by 1) placing the differential pairs (DPs) of the employedGₘstages in a two-loop feedback structure, 2) employing body-driven rather than gate-drivenGₘDPs, and 3) using current mirrors in place of cascoded transistors in a conventionalGₘstage. Measurement results of a0.18~μm CMOS prototype show that the proposed filter, operating with aVDDof 0.5 V, achieves an third-order harmonic distortion (HD3) below −40 dB for input amplitudes up to 340 mVpp. With an integrated noise of154.7~μVrmsover a 240-Hz bandwidth, the filter exhibits a dynamic range (DR) of 53.6 dB, which is competitive with previously reported works.
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Rezaei et al. (2025) studied ECG detection. Fourth-order Gm-C low-pass filter was evaluated on Third-order harmonic distortion (HD3) and dynamic range (DR). A proposed fourth-order Gm-C low-pass filter for ECG detection achieved a third-order harmonic distortion below −40 dB and a dynamic range of 53.6 dB under a 0.5 V supply.
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