Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among Tribal Adults in Sambalpur, Odisha: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tribal populations in India, despite their distinct socio-cultural characteristics, are increasingly exposed to lifestyle transitions that may increase their risk of hypertension. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of hypertension among tribal communities in Odisha. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated risk factors among the adult tribal population of Sambalpur district. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 adult tribal individuals aged 18–60 years in Sambalpur district. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression to identify factors associated with hypertension. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.5 ± 11.6 years, and males constituted 54.4% of the study population. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 13.6%. Among hypertensive individuals, 40.8% were newly diagnosed during the survey. Only 20.6% of known hypertensive cases had their blood pressure under control. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age 41–60 years (AOR = 2.578; p = 0.016), family history of hypertension (AOR = 4.288; p < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.825; p = 0.010) were significant predictors. Conclusion: Hypertension is prevalent among the tribal population of Sambalpur. Strengthening early detection, lifestyle modification, and primary healthcare services is essential to address this public health concern.