Vitamin D and urticaria: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, clinical associations, and treatment strategies

Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone traditionally recognized for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, has recently gained attention for its immunomodulatory effects. Emerging evidence suggests a significant link between Vitamin D deficiency and urticaria, particularly chronic spontaneous urticaria. This review explores the pathogenesis of urticaria in the context of Vitamin D deficiency, highlighting how Vitamin D influences immune cell regulation, mast cell stabilization, and inflammatory mediator production. We examine clinical correlations between serum Vitamin D levels and urticaria severity, along with therapeutic outcomes from Vitamin D supplementation trials. Despite promising findings, limitations in study design and heterogeneity warrant further research. Future directions emphasize the need for large-scale, randomized controlled trials to determine optimal dosing, long-term safety, and personalized treatment strategies. Understanding Vitamin D’s role offers potential for improved management of urticaria, representing a novel adjunctive approach to enhance patient quality of life and disease control.