Unpacking the Green HR and Performance Nexus: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis examines the evolving landscape of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and its impact on individual employee performance. While empirical studies in this domain have expanded rapidly, the literature remains conceptually fragmented. This study addresses this gap by mapping the intellectual structure of the field and synthesizing divergent findings into a unified conceptual framework. Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines and an extensive search of the Scopus database, this review synthesizes evidence from 68 peer-reviewed journal articles. The results reveal that GHRM functions as a “dual-performance” engine, simultaneously fostering voluntary employee green behavior and enhancing traditional task efficiency. These outcomes are explained through important psychological and relational mechanisms, while leadership styles and digital infrastructure emerge as relevant contextual factors shaping the GHRM–performance relationship. The analysis culminates in a unified conceptual model that offers a robust blueprint for future research. Practically, this study urges organizations to transition from treating sustainability as an isolated initiative toward embedding it into core HR functions, supported by ethical leadership and AI-driven systems. By bridging the divide between human capital capability, psychological well-being, and technological integration, this review provides a strategic roadmap for cultivating a workforce that is both high-performing and ecologically responsible.