Relationship between Anemia and Albuminuria and Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Adults with and without Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

This study examined the relationship between anemia and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) in Korean adults with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).A dataset of 4,943 adults aged ≥20 years from the eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed.This paper reports several key findings.First, in non-MetS, a comparison of the odds ratios (ORs) of the anemia group with the normal group as a reference revealed significant differences for the decreased eGFR (3.98 [95% CI, 2.08~7.62])and the decreased eGFR plus elevated uACR group (5.86 [95% CI, 3.08~15.29]).Second, in MetS, the ORs of the anemia group and the normal group were significantly different for the elevated uACR (2.30 [95% CI, 1.17~4.54]),decreased eGFR (4.23 [95% CI, 1.27~17.11]),and decreased eGFR plus elevated uACR group (21.85 [95% CI, 8.10~58.93]).In non-MetS, anemia was associated with a decreased eGFR.In MetS, anemia was associated with a decreased eGFR and an elevated uACR.In addition, in non-MetS and MetS, the ORs of anemia were greatly increased when the decreased eGFR and the elevated uACR occurred simultaneously.